tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6014612907796662824.post6282192700943108059..comments2023-05-23T18:21:20.492+08:00Comments on The Fisher Valley College: LogicMarlon Raquelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10021954409360140092noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6014612907796662824.post-52556824366641943122010-08-30T21:20:36.665+08:002010-08-30T21:20:36.665+08:00MARILYN SAN JOSE
1,ARISTOTLE BELIEVE THAT IF EVERY...MARILYN SAN JOSE<br />1,ARISTOTLE BELIEVE THAT IF EVERY Bertrand Russell along with Whitehead and others came forward with a new 'logic' to unearth the loopholes involved in Aristotelian logic. Russell examined the influence of Aristotelian logic upon many philosophers and brought to light the fact that these philosophers shaped their philosophy in accordance with the Aristotelian model of logic. In his celebrated essay 'Logic as the Essence of Philosophy', Russell claimed that Aristotelian logic is a 'trivial nonsense', a scholastic collection of technical terms and rules of syllogistic inference. Western metaphysics is a direct result of the Aristotelian conception of subject-predicate logic in which we have to posit a subject term as fundamental. Hegel, as Russell points out, although he started with a critical attitude toward Aristotle's logic, could not help being influenced by Aristotle, with the result that he came to believe that if every proposition ascribes a predicate to a subject, then there can be only one subject, namely the Absolute. This point is directly based on the Aristotelian belief in the universality of the subject-predicate form.<br /><br />Again, the Hegelian confusion between the 'is' of predication and the 'is' of identity became an object of criticism for Russell. Hegel's example of the sentences 'Socrates is mortal' and 'Socrates is the philosopher who drank the hemlock' depicts this confusion. Hegel asserted that in the second sentence, 'Socrates is a philosopher who drank the hemlock', the copula 'is' expresses a relation of identity between the subject and the predicate. So he argued that it should be the same relation with regard to the first sentence also, i.e. 'Socrates is mortal'. The copula 'is' is supposed to express the relation of identity in both the cases. But this cannot be the case as 'Socrates' is particular and 'mortal' is universal. To say 'particular is the universal' is self-contradictory. Yet in spite of this obvious contradiction, Hegel did not suspect the legitimacy of his logic, but proceeded to synthesize particular and universal in the individual and tried to justify his position by his theory of the 'concrete universal', according to which subject and predicate exhibit 'identity-in-difference', or 'unity-in-plurality'. PROPOSITION ASCRIBES A PREDICATE TO A SUBJECT NAMELY AND ABSOLUTE. FOR RUSSEL PREDICATION BECAME AN OBJECT OF CRITISM.<br />2.COHERENT BODY OF BELIEFS IS POSSIBLE.IT MAY BE THAT,WITH SUFFICIENT IMAGINATION A NOVELIST MIGHT INVENT A PAST FORTHE WORLD THAT WOULD PERFECTLY FIT ON TO WHAT WE KNOW AND YET BE QUITEDIFFERENT FROIM THE REAL FAST.<br />3.THE OTHER OBJECTION TO THIS DEFINITION OF TRUTH IS THAT IT ASSUMES THE MEANING OF COHERENCE KNOWN WHEREAS IN FACT COHERENCE PRESUPPOSES THE TRUTH OF THE LOGIC.TWO PROPOSITION ARE COHERENT WHEN BOTH MAY BE TRUE AND ARE INCOHERENT WHEN ONE AT LEAST MUST BE FALSE<br /><br />4WE KNOW THAT ON VERY MANY SUBJECT DIFFERENCE PEOPLE HOLD DIFFERENCE AND INCOMPATIBLE OPINIONS;HENCE SOME BELIEFS MUST ERRONEOS. SINCE ERROUNEOUS BELIEFS ARE OFTEN HELD JUST AS STRONGLY AS TRUE BELIEFS.MARILYN H SANJOSEnoreply@blogger.com